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The perplexity is the exponentiation of the entropy, a more straightforward quantity. Entropy measures the expected or "average" number of bits required to encode the outcome of the random variable using an optimal variable-length code. It can also be regarded as the expected information gain from learning the outcome of the random variable ...
The most commonly used measure of a language model's performance is its perplexity on a given text corpus. Perplexity is a measure of how well a model is able to predict the contents of a dataset; the higher the likelihood the model assigns to the dataset, the lower the perplexity.
The perplexity is a hand-chosen parameter of t-SNE, and as the authors state, "perplexity can be interpreted as a smooth measure of the effective number of neighbors. The performance of SNE is fairly robust to changes in the perplexity, and typical values are between 5 and 50." [2].
Perplexity; Qualitative variation – other measures of statistical dispersion for nominal distributions; Quantum relative entropy – a measure of distinguishability between two quantum states. Rényi entropy – a generalization of Shannon entropy; it is one of a family of functionals for quantifying the diversity, uncertainty or randomness ...
In natural language processing, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is a Bayesian network (and, therefore, a generative statistical model) for modeling automatically extracted topics in textual corpora. The LDA is an example of a Bayesian topic model. In this, observations (e.g., words) are collected into documents, and each word's presence is ...
Like a number of AI startups, Perplexity has managed to raise money in a tough environment. In 2023, $170.6 billion was invested across venture—that marks a decline of $71.6 billion from 2022 ...
In mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis is the conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part 1 / 2 . Many consider it to be the most important unsolved problem in pure mathematics . [ 1 ]
Perplexity offers a Pro version for $20 per month that allows users to pick from various large language models, among them OpenAI's GPT-4, Anthropic's Claude 2.1, Google's Gemini, or the venture ...