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Alexandra Elbakyan at a conference at Harvard (2010). Sci-Hub was created by Alexandra Elbakyan, who was born in Kazakhstan in 1988. [22] Elbakyan earned her undergraduate degree at Kazakh National Technical University [23] studying information technology, then worked for a year for a computer security firm in Moscow, then joined a research team at the University of Freiburg in Germany in 2010 ...
For her actions in creating Sci-Hub, Elbakyan has been called a hero, [42] [43] for example by Nobel laureate Randy Schekman. [44] Ars Technica has compared her to Aaron Swartz, [45] and The New York Times has compared her to Edward Snowden. [31] Edward Snowden acknowledged Sci-Hub to be one of the most important websites for academics in the ...
Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13, 1911 – January 24, 1986) was an American author and the founder of Scientology. A prolific writer of pulp science fiction and fantasy novels in his early career, in 1950 he authored Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health and established organizations to promote and practice Dianetics techniques.
Anna's Archive was founded by the Pirate Library Mirror, a team of anonymous archivists, in direct response to U.S. law enforcement efforts to close down Z-Library in 2022. [12][13][14] On October 3, 2023, Anna's Archive was reported to have scraped WorldCat, the world's largest book metadata database. Anna's Archive says that the scrape "marks ...
By country or region. Comparisons. v. t. e. Z-Library (abbreviated as z-lib, formerly BookFinder) is a shadow library project for file-sharing access to scholarly journal articles, academic texts and general-interest books. It began as a mirror of Library Genesis, but has expanded dramatically. [6][7]
As of 28 July 2019, Library Genesis claims to have more than 2.4 million non-fiction books, 80 million science magazine articles, 2 million comics files, 2.2 million fiction books, and 0.4 million magazine issues. [9] In 2020, the project was forked under an alternate domain, "libgen.fun", due to internal conflict within the project.
Growth of Library Genesis, 2009-2022. One of the goals of shadow libraries is to more readily disseminate academic content, especially papers from academic journals. [2] Academic literature has become increasingly expensive, as costs to access information created by scholars have risen dramatically in recent years, especially the cost of books. [4]
c. 12,000 annually in the United States [2] A spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in its function. It is a destructive neurological and pathological state that causes major motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunctions. [3] Symptoms of spinal cord injury may include loss of muscle ...