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In Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide is a trace gas that plays an integral part in the greenhouse effect, carbon cycle, photosynthesis and oceanic carbon cycle. It is one of three main greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of Earth. Water vapor is the primary greenhouse gas, as of 2010, contributing 50% of the greenhouse effect, followed by ...
Keeling Curve. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) concentrations from 1958 to 2023. The Keeling Curve is a graph of the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere based on continuous measurements taken at the Mauna Loa Observatory on the island of Hawaii from 1958 to the present day. The curve is named for the scientist Charles ...
Estimates in 2023 found that the current carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere may be the highest it has been in the last 14 million years. [69] However the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report estimated similar levels 3 to 3.3 million years ago in the mid-Pliocene warm period.
Greenhouse gas emissions. Annual carbon dioxide emissions per person (height of vertical bars) and per country (area of vertical bars) of the fifteen highest-emitting countries (1990-2018) [ 1 ] Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities intensify the greenhouse effect. This contributes to climate change.
RCP 2.6 is a "very stringent" pathway. [4] According to the IPCC, RCP 2.6 requires that carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions start declining by 2020 and go to zero by 2100.It also requires that methane emissions (CH 4) go to approximately half the CH 4 levels of 2020, and that sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions decline to approximately 10% of those of 1980–1990.
China, the United States, India, the EU27, Russia and Brazil were the world’s largest GHG emitters in 2023. Together they account for 49.8% of global population, 63.2% of global gross domestic product, 64.2% of global fossil fuel consumption and 62.7% of global GHG emissions.
Planetary Boundaries (as defined in 2023) [1] Earth-system process Control variable [1] Boundary value in 2023 "Current" value (i.e. for the year provided in the source) Boundary now exceeded beyond the 2023 values? (based on "current" value) Preindustrial Holocene base value 1. Climate change: Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (ppm by ...
Under the six illustrative SRES scenarios, the IPCC Third Assessment Report (2001) [18] projects the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in the year 2100 as between 540 and 970 parts per million (ppm). In this estimate, there are uncertainties over the future removal of carbon from the atmosphere by carbon sinks.