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Learn the meaning and usage of the four cardinal directions: north, south, east, and west, and their intercardinal and secondary intercardinal directions. Find out how to determine cardinal directions using a compass, the Sun, the stars, and other methods.
Learn about the different ways of naming and dividing the compass directions, from 8 to 128 points, with examples and rules. Find out how to use the compass rose, the principal, half, and quarter-winds, and the fractional points in navigation and cartography.
Learn the definitions and examples of geometric terms of location, such as axial, radial, circumferential, tangential, and more. These terms describe directions or positions relative to the shape of an object in various fields of science and engineering.
Orientation is the imaginary rotation of an object in space relative to a reference frame. Learn about different methods to represent orientation, such as Euler angles, rotation matrices, quaternions, and Miller indices.
Direction is a term that can have various meanings in different fields, such as anatomy, navigation, music, and film. Learn about the different types and uses of direction, and see related terms and links.
Azimuth is the horizontal angle from a reference direction, usually north, to a point of interest. It is used in navigation, astronomy, engineering and other fields. Learn about its etymology, measurement, applications and related concepts.
Nadir is the direction pointing downward or the lowest point of something. Learn how it is used in space science, medicine and figuratively, with diagrams and references.
Clock position is the direction of an object observed from a vehicle, typically a vessel or an aircraft, relative to the orientation of the vehicle to the observer. Learn how to use clock position as a relative bearing, a true bearing, or a compass direction in different contexts.