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The Rare Earth hypothesis argues that planets with complex life, like Earth, are exceptionally rare.. In planetary astronomy and astrobiology, the Rare Earth hypothesis argues that the origin of life and the evolution of biological complexity, such as sexually reproducing, multicellular organisms on Earth, and subsequently human intelligence, required an improbable combination of astrophysical ...
The Kepler space telescope is a defunct space telescope launched by NASA in 2009 [5] to discover Earth-sized planets orbiting other stars. [6] [7] Named after astronomer Johannes Kepler, [8] the spacecraft was launched into an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit.
If confirmed, the exomoon may be similar to primordial earth and characterization of its atmosphere with the James Webb Space Telescope could perhaps place limits on the time scale for the formation of life. [13]
Size is often thought to be a significant factor, as planets of Earth's size are thought more likely to be terrestrial in nature and be capable of retaining an Earth-like atmosphere. [ 26 ] The list includes planets within the range of 0.8–1.9 Earth masses, below which are generally classed as sub-Earth and above classed as super-Earth .
K2-18b, also known as EPIC 201912552 b, is an exoplanet orbiting the red dwarf K2-18, located 124 light-years (38 pc) away from Earth. The planet is a sub-Neptune about 2.6 times the radius of Earth, with a 33-day orbit within the star's habitable zone. This means it receives about a similar amount of starlight as the Earth receives from the Sun.
TOI-700 d is Earth-sized, an exoplanet that has a radius and mass similar to the Earth. It has a radius of about 1.07 R 🜨; its mass has not been measured, but is predicted to be around 1.72 M E. [1] If it has an Earth-like atmosphere, then its average temperature would be about 268.8 K (−4.3 °C; 24.2 °F). [3]
Its mass is poorly constrained but is known to be less than 4 times that of Earth. [5] Along with the planets of TRAPPIST-1, Gliese 12 b is one of the nearest known relatively temperate transiting exoplanets, and so is a promising target for the James Webb Space Telescope to determine whether it has retained an atmosphere. [7]
Webb orbits the Sun near the second Lagrange point (L 2) of the Sun–Earth system, which is 1,500,000 km (930,000 mi) farther from the Sun than the Earth's orbit, and about four times farther than the Moon's orbit. Normally an object circling the Sun farther out than Earth would take longer than one year to complete its orbit.