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Wikipedia entry for Google Patents.Google Patents is a search engine from Google that indexes patents and patent applications from the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) [1] is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database. [2]
Microsoft Academic Search was a research project and academic search engine retired in 2012. It relaunched in 2016 as Microsoft Academic , which in turn was shut down in 2022. The content of the latter was allegedly incorporated into The Lens .
The search engine manipulation effect (SEME) is a term invented by psychologist Robert Epstein in 2015 to describe a hypothesized change in consumer preferences and voting preferences by search engines. Rather than search engine optimization where advocates, websites, and businesses seek to optimize their placement in the search engine's ...
Semantic Scholar is free to use and unlike similar search engines (i.e. Google Scholar) does not search for material that is behind a paywall. [ 5 ] [ citation needed ] One study compared the index scope of Semantic Scholar to Google Scholar, and found that for the papers cited by secondary studies in computer science, the two indices had ...
CiteSeer is considered a predecessor of academic search tools such as Google Scholar and Microsoft Academic Search. [2] CiteSeer-like engines and archives usually only harvest documents from publicly available websites and do not crawl publisher websites.
Scirus was a comprehensive science-specific search engine, first launched in 2001. [1] Like CiteSeerX and Google Scholar, it was focused on scientific information.Unlike CiteSeerX, Scirus was not only for computer sciences and IT and not all of the results included full text.
Scopus is a scientific abstract and citation database, launched by the academic publisher Elsevier as a competitor to older Web of Science in 2004. [1] An ensuing competition between the two databases has been characterized as "intense" and is considered to significantly benefit their users in terms of continuous improvent in coverage, search/analysis capabilities, but not in price.