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Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. . Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other ...
The main academic full-text databases are open archives or link-resolution services, although others operate under different models such as mirroring or hybrid publishers. . Such services typically provide access to full text and full-text search, but also metadata about items for which no full text is availa
File sharing. Library Genesis (LibGen) is a shadow library project for file-sharing access to scholarly journal articles, academic and general-interest books, images, comics, audiobooks, and magazines. The site enables free access to content that is otherwise paywalled or not digitized elsewhere. [1] LibGen describes itself as a "links ...
PubMed Central. PubMed Central (PMC) is a free digital repository that archives open access full-text scholarly articles that have been published in biomedical and life sciences journals. As one of the major research databases developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), PubMed Central is more than a document repository.
The Internet Archive Scholar is a scholarly search engine created by the Internet Archive in 2020. As of February 2024, it contained over 35 million research articles with full text access. The materials available come from three different forms: content identified by the Wayback Machine, by digitized print material and sources such as uploads ...
v. t. e. The h-index is an author-level metric that measures both the productivity and citation impact of the publications, initially used for an individual scientist or scholar. The h -index correlates with success indicators such as winning the Nobel Prize, being accepted for research fellowships and holding positions at top universities. [1 ...
Active. Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) [1] is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database. [2]
For free user, Google was able to show up to 20% of a copyrighted book via the snippet mode. Google could show ads on these pages and split the ad revenue with authors and publishers. A user could purchase access to a book, treated as an eBook, for a one-time cost. Institutions could acquire full access to all books for a subscription-based fee.
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