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Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. . Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other ...
The main academic full-text databases are open archives or link-resolution services, although others operate under different models such as mirroring or hybrid publishers. Such services typically provide access to full text and full-text search, but also metadata about items for which no full text is available.
Advanced source searching can provide more comprehensive and accurate search results compared to simpler standard searches, which can be useful for the assessment and determination of topic notability. Customizing searches to narrow results, using other search engines besides Google, and the general customization of search parameters can often ...
Thesis. Scalability in Production System Programs (1994) Acharya (2010) Anurag Acharya is an Indian-American engineer known for co-founding Google Scholar, [1] of which he has been described as the "key inventor". As of 2023, Acharya held the title of Distinguished Engineer at Google. [2] He and his Google colleague Alex Verstak co-founded ...
BERT (language model) Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) is a language model introduced in October 2018 by researchers at Google. [1][2] It learned by self-supervised learning to represent text as a sequence of vectors. It had the transformer encoder architecture. It was notable for its dramatic improvement over ...
James Andreoni. Information at IDEAS / RePEc. Hal Ronald Varian (born March 18, 1947, in Wooster, Ohio) is Chief Economist at Google and holds the title of emeritus professor at the University of California, Berkeley where he was founding dean of the School of Information. Varian is an economist specializing in microeconomics and information ...
Scholarly communication involves the creation, publication, dissemination and discovery of academic research, primarily in peer-reviewed journals and books. [1] It is “the system through which research and other scholarly writings are created, evaluated for quality, disseminated to the scholarly community, and preserved for future use." [2]
Microsoft. URL. academic.research.microsoft.com. Commercial. No. Microsoft Academic Search was a research project and academic search engine retired in 2012. It relaunched in 2016 as Microsoft Academic, which in turn was shut down in 2022. The content of the latter was allegedly incorporated into The Lens. [1]