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The Council of Europe was founded on 5 May 1949 by ten western and northern European states, [1] with Greece [2] [3] joining three months later, and Iceland, [4] [5] Turkey [6] [7] and West Germany [8] [9] joining the next year.
This map shows in red points some of the locations of claimants to the title of Centre of Europe: Dilove (Rakhiv, Ukraine), Krahule (or Kremnické Bane, Slovakia), Dresden and Kleinmaischeid (Germany), Toruń and Suchowola (Poland), Bernotai, or Purnuškės (Lithuania)
While the Iron Curtain remained in place, much of Eastern Europe and many parts of Central Europe – except West Germany, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and most of Austria (all of Austria after the withdrawal of occupying Allied forces and the declaration of Austria's neutrality that resulted from the Austrian State Treaty in 1955) – found ...
Although some European politicians did call for Europe's internal borders to be temporarily closed, [193] the European Union decided in late February 2020 to turn down the idea of suspending the Schengen free travel area and introducing border controls with Italy.
The table below presents the latest Human Development Index (HDI) [1] for countries in Europe as included in a United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report (released in 2020). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Previous HDI values and rankings are retroactively recalculated using the same updated data sets and current methodologies, as presented in ...
The Alps provide lowland Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power. [64] Although the area is only about 11% of the surface area of Europe, the Alps provide up to 90% of water to lowland Europe, particularly to arid areas and during the summer months. Cities such as Milan depend on 80% of water from Alpine runoff.
German is the official language of six countries, all of which lie in central and western Europe. These countries (with the addition of South Tyrol of Italy ) also form the Council for German Orthography and are referred to as the German Sprachraum (German language area).
Direction determination refers to the ways in which a cardinal direction or compass point can be determined in navigation and wayfinding.The most direct method is using a compass (magnetic compass or gyrocompass), but indirect methods exist, based on the Sun path (unaided or by using a watch or sundial), the stars, and satellite navigation.