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At a stable angle of heel (for a sailboat) and a steady speed, aerodynamic and hydrodynamic forces are in balance. Integrated over the sailing craft, the total aerodynamic force (FT) is located at the centre of effort (CE), which is a function of the design and adjustment of the sails on a sailing craft.
The sail area-displacement ratio (SA/D) is a calculation used to express how much sail a boat carries relative to its weight. [1] In the first equation, the denominator in pounds is divided by 64 to convert it to cubic feet (because 1 cubic foot of salt water weights 64 pounds). The denominator is taken to the 2/3 power to make the entire ...
Great-circle navigation. Great-circle navigation or orthodromic navigation (related to orthodromic course; from Ancient Greek ορθός (orthós) 'right angle' and δρόμος (drómos) 'path') is the practice of navigating a vessel (a ship or aircraft) along a great circle. Such routes yield the shortest distance between two points on the globe.
The great-circle distance, orthodromic distance, or spherical distance is the distance between two points on a sphere, measured along the great-circle arc between them. This arc is the shortest path between the two points on the surface of the sphere. (By comparison, the shortest path passing through the sphere's interior is the chord between ...
Step 5. Measure length of course by using speed of 8.8 knots and converting into nautical miles via the time, speed, and distance scale; Step 6. Connect the two ends of the vectors from the current course to the course made good. Thus creating your set and drift vector; Step 7. Using the navigational triangle, place on set and drift vector.
Noting that sin ( π 2 − φ) = cos (φ), the haversine formula immediately follows. To derive the law of haversines, one starts with the spherical law of cosines: As mentioned above, this formula is an ill-conditioned way of solving for c when c is small. Instead, we substitute the identity that cos (θ) = 1 − 2 hav (θ), and also ...
The metacentric height (GM) is a measurement of the initial static stability of a floating body [1]. It is calculated as the distance between the centre of gravity of a ship and its metacentre. A larger metacentric height implies greater initial stability against overturning. The metacentric height also influences the natural period of rolling ...
Table of geography, hydrography and navigation, from the Cyclopaedia of 1728. Marine navigation is the art and science of steering a ship from a starting point (sailing) to a destination, efficiently and responsibly. It is an art because of the skill that the navigator must have to avoid the dangers of navigation, and it is a science because it ...