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The projection of a onto b is often written as or a ∥b. The vector component or vector resolute of a perpendicular to b , sometimes also called the vector rejection of a from b (denoted oproj b a {\displaystyle \operatorname {oproj} _{\mathbf {b} }\mathbf {a} } or a ⊥ b ), [ 1 ] is the orthogonal projection of a onto the plane (or ...
A vector is what is needed to "carry" the point A to the point B; the Latin word vector means "carrier". [4] It was first used by 18th century astronomers investigating planetary revolution around the Sun. [5] The magnitude of the vector is the distance between the two points, and the direction refers to the direction of displacement from A to B.
The distance (or perpendicular distance) from a point to a line is the shortest distance from a fixed point to any point on a fixed infinite line in Euclidean geometry. It is the length of the line segment which joins the point to the line and is perpendicular to the line. The formula for calculating it can be derived and expressed in several ways.
The cross product is anticommutative (that is, a × b = − b × a) and is distributive over addition, that is, a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c. [1] The space E {\displaystyle E} together with the cross product is an algebra over the real numbers , which is neither commutative nor associative , but is a Lie algebra with the cross product being ...
In linear algebra and functional analysis, a projection is a linear transformation from a vector space to itself (an endomorphism) such that . That is, whenever is applied twice to any vector, it gives the same result as if it were applied once (i.e. is idempotent). It leaves its image unchanged. [1]
Dot product. In mathematics, the dot product or scalar product[note 1] is an algebraic operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers (usually coordinate vectors), and returns a single number. In Euclidean geometry, the dot product of the Cartesian coordinates of two vectors is widely used. It is often called the inner product (or ...
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